Blog

Title: Unraveling the Wonders of FTTH: Fiber-to-the-Home Explained

Introduction

In the age of rapid technological advancements, staying connected has become an essential part of our daily lives. As a blogger, I am excited to introduce you to the marvel of FTTH – Fiber-to-the-Home, a revolutionary internet connection that has changed the way we experience the online world. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of FTTH and understand why it has become the gold standard for high-speed internet connectivity.

What is FTTH?

FTTH, or Fiber-to-the-Home, is a cutting-edge technology that delivers internet access directly to residences, businesses, and other premises through optical fiber cables. Unlike traditional internet connections that use copper wires or coaxial cables, FTTH utilizes ultra-thin strands of glass or plastic, called optical fibers, to transmit data as pulses of light. This enables an incredibly fast and reliable internet connection that can support a wide range of applications, from streaming high-definition videos to seamless online gaming and much more.

How Does FTTH Work?

FTTH works on the principle of total optical communication. The process involves the following steps:

Fiber Optic Cabling: Telecommunication companies install fiber optic cables directly to the end-users’ premises. These cables consist of a core, where light travels, surrounded by a cladding that ensures the light remains confined within the core.

Optical Network Terminal (ONT): Once the fiber cables are connected to the user’s home, an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) is installed. The ONT acts as a bridge between the optical fiber and the user’s devices, such as computers, smartphones, and smart home appliances.

Fiber to the home (FTTH) is the delivery of a communications signal over optical fiber from the operator’s switching equipment all the way to a home or business, thereby replacing existing copper infrastructure such as telephone wires and coaxial cable. Fiber to the home is a relatively new and fast growing method of providing vastly higher bandwidth to consumers and businesses, and thereby enabling more robust video, internet and voice services.

Connecting homes directly to fiber optic cable enables enormous improvements in the bandwidth that can be provided to consumers. Current fiber optic technology can provide two-way transmission speeds of up to 500 megabits per second. Further, as cable modem and DSL providers are struggling to squeeze increments of higher bandwidth out of their technologies, ongoing improvements in fiber optic equipment are constantly increasing available bandwidth without having to change the fiber.

PON

PON ( Passive Optical Network) takes advantage of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), which means using one wavelength for downstream traffic and one wavelength for upstream traffic on a single fiber.

EPON

EPON stands for Ethernet passive optical network. EPON uses Ethernet packets instead of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cells. EPON also uses Internet Protocol (IP) to carry data, voice, and video data. It generally delivers 1G symmetrical bandwidth, which makes it a popular choice.

EPON provides:

• Data rates of 1 Gbps upstream and downstream
• Access to data like Internet, voice, and video service.
• Usable bandwidth: 1 Gbps upstream and downstream
• Reach: Up to 64 ONUs per PON Port
• Subscriber cost: Lower than GPON
• Encryption: Upstream and downstream

GPON

GPON stands for Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network. GPON uses ATM for voice, Ethernet for data, and proprietary encapsulation for voice. It offers faster Gbps than EPON on downstream and upstream bandwidths.

GPON provides:

• • Up to 2.5 Gbps
  • Usable bandwidth: Up to 2.5 Gbps downstream and upstream
  • Reach: Up to 128 ONUs
  • Subscriber cost: Higher than EPON
  • Encryption: Downstream only

SY-GPON-1110-WDONT Configuration

About	Details
Company	syRotech Networks Pvt Ltd
Description	Subscriber End Equipment
Product Name	G/EPON ONT
Default IP Address to open Equipment	192.168.1.1
User ID	admin
Default password	Syro@43210$
Product Mode	SY-GPON-1110-WDONT

Syrotech ONU Configuration Steps for BSNL

• Open ONT using IP address 192.168.1.1 in your browser
• Enter syRotech default user id as admin and default password as Syro@43210$ to login to ONT

Internet Configuration

1. Hover to Network
   • Click Internet Connection and select the following
   • Connection Name: 1_Internet_R_VII
   • Mode: Route
   • IP Protocol Mode: Ipv4
   • Select PPPoE
   • Enable NAT, VAN
   • Enter FTTH Username and Password provided by ISP
   • Enter Service Name: BSNL
   • Enable Port Binding [Port_1, Port_2, WLAN(SSID1)]

     WiFi Configuration

     1. Hover to Network
     2. Click WLAN
     3. WLAN Basic
        • Band: 2.4Ghz
        • Mode: AP (Your circle)
        • SSID: Enter your WiFi Name
        • Select WMM, SGI
     4. WLAN Advanced
        • Click Off under Different SSID isolation > Apply Changes
     5. WLAN Security
        • Select SSID Type
        • Encryption (WPA2 Mixed)
        • Authentication Mode as Personal (pre-shared key)
        • Select TKIP under WPA2 Cipher Suite > AES under WPA2 Cipher Suite
        • 86400 as Group Key update timer
        • Select Passphrase under Pre-shared key format
        • Enter password under pre-shared key
        • Apply Changes

          Voice Configuration

          1. Go to Application
          2. Click VOIP Configuration
          3. Select Soft Switch SIP under Server Type
          4. Enter the values given by your ISP (Primary and Secondary SIP Register and Proxy details)
          5. Provide your phone number starting with 91 in Account Number and Account Name > Enter password > Click Save/Apply

HG323 ONU Configuration For BSNL FTTH

HG323 XPON ONT Configuration at 192.168.1.1 for BSNL FTTH Voice & Internet

• Login to HG323 XPON ONT in any browser with url 192.168.1.1
• Enter username and passwordusername is admin and default password is stdONU101
• Go to Management > Device Management > Restore default > Restore Factory default
• Click Network > Internet > Delete
• Check Status > Wan Connection info >

  WAN info status enabled means, you are ready to browse the internet.

• Click Network > Internet (Add New Connection for Internet)

  Mode : Route,
  IP Protocol Mode : Ipv4, and select PPPoE,
  Enable NAT : Select radio button
  Enable Vlan : Enable by select,
  Vlan id : Submit the ID provided by BSNL,
  Username : Enter BSNL allocated FTTH username followed by @ftth.bsnl.in
  Password : password (default)
  Service Name : BSNL or which you want,
  IP Address: Provide your BSNL allocated IP address,
  Port binding : Enable Port 1, Port2 and WLAN (SSID1) by selecting in each box
  Click Save

• Again Click Network > Internet for Voice ConfigurationConnection name : Add new wan connection,
  Mode : Route,
  IP Protocol Mode : Ipv4, and select Static,
  Enable Vlan : Enable by select,
  Vlan id : 1830,
  Provide your BSNL allocated IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, DNS1, DNS2, provided by BSNL
  Service Mode : Voice
  Click Save
• Click ApplicationEnable all the services(ftp, h323, rtsp,ipsec, sip, pptp) in ALG configuration
  Save/Apply
• Click Application > VOIPSIP registered address : xx.ftthvoip.bsnl.in (first 5 to be filled as xx.ftth.bsnlvoip.bsnl.in)
  Select and Enable Outbound Proxy,
  Enable Line 1 and enter Account name, Account number, Account password with allotted BSNL FTTH phone number starting with 91 starting by removing 0
  Click Save/Apply
• Click StatusWAN Information info for both Voice and Internet facilities are enabled or not.

Splicing Machine

Fusion splicing machines, also known as splicing machines, are essential tools for the installation, maintenance, and repair of optical fiber cables. These precision instruments are designed to weld two optical fibers together, a process known as fusion splicing. The splicing machine’s primary function is to ensure a seamless and low-loss connection between optical fibers, enabling the transmission of data with minimal signal attenuation.The process of using a splicing machine involves several steps, including fiber preparation, cleaving, alignment, and fusion. First, the fiber ends are prepared, cleaved, and placed in alignment fixtures on the fusion splicer. The splicer then heats the fiber ends with electrodes, bringing them together and fusing them. This results in a high-strength, low-reflectance splice with minimal power loss. The splicing machine also typically includes features such as automatic identification of fiber type and core alignment methods to ensure accurate and reliable splicing.Splicing machines are widely used in various applications, including the construction, maintenance, and emergency repair of optical cable lines for telecommunications operators, communication engineering companies, and public institutions. They are also utilized in the production, testing, and research of optical devices and fiber optic communication. Additionally, splicing machines play a crucial role in educational and research institutions for teaching and research on optical fiber communication.In summary, splicing machines are indispensable tools for achieving high-quality, low-loss splices in optical fiber cables. Their precision and reliability make them essential for ensuring the seamless transmission of data in telecommunications and other optical fiber applications.

How to Maintain Your Fiber Optic splicing machine?

To maintain a fiber optic splicing machine, follow these tips:

1. Clean the V-groove: Regularly clean the V-groove to ensure proper fiber clamping and avoid unnecessary optical loss1. Use a thin cotton swab dipped in alcohol to clean the V-groove
2. Clean the entire splicing machine: Wipe the shell of the optical fiber fusion splicer with a rag or wet paper towel to remove dust and dirt.
3. Clean the electrodes: Clean the electrodes after 500 times of splicing and replace them after 7000 times of use.
4. Inspect the splicing process: Monitor the fusion part of the optical fibers and the electrode discharge during the splicing process. Abnormalities can be due to oxidation of the electrode tip or uneven discharge.
5. Maintain a regular routine: Clean the stripper when using 900µm fiber, removing the tight buffer jacket and the 250µm acrylate coating4. Examine the physical groove with a jeweler’s loop at least once per day to remove debris.
6. Use proper tools: When cleaning the V-groove, avoid using hard objects that can damage the V-shaped trough3. Use a stiff bristled brush for cleaning the splicing chamber
7. Lubricate the stripper: Apply a small amount of lubricant to the stripper when stripping fiber, especially when working with tight buffer jackets
8. Monitor the splicing machine: Check the splicing machine for any signs of wear or damage, and make adjustments as needed.
9. Consider professional maintenance: Every year or so, have a professional service the fiber fusion splicer to ensure optimal performance and address any potential issues.
10. Replace worn or damaged parts: If any parts of the splicing machine are worn out or damaged, replace them promptly to maintain the machine’s performance.